##### Frequency of planets orbiting M dwarfs in the Solar neighbourhood
The most abundant stars in the Galaxy, M dwarfs, are very commonly hosts to diverse systems of low-mass planets. Their abundancy implies that the general occurrence rate of planets is dominated by their occurrence rate around such M dwarfs. In this article, we combine the M dwarf surveys conducted with the HIRES/Keck, PFS/Magellan, HARPS/ESO, and UVES/VLT instruments supported with data from several other instruments. We analyse the radial velocities of an approximately volume- and brightness-limited sample of 426 nearby M dwarfs in order to search for Doppler signals of cadidate planets. In addition, we analyse spectroscopic activity indicators and ASAS photometry to rule out radial velocity signals corresponding to stellar activity as Doppler signals of planets. We calculate estimates for the occurrence rate of planets around the sample stars and study the properties of this occurrence rate as a function of stellar properties. Our analyses reveal a total of 118 candidate planets orbiting nearby M dwarfs. Based on our results accounting for selection effects and sample detection threshold, we estimate that M dwarfs have on average at least 2.39$^{+4.58}_{-1.36}$ planets per star orbiting them. Accounting for the different sensitivities of radial velocity surveys and Kepler transit photometry implies that there are at least 3.0 planets per star orbiting M dwarfs. We also present evidence for a population of cool mini-Neptunes and Neptunes with indications that they are found an order of magnitude more frequently orbiting the least massive M dwarfs in our sample.
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###### Tweets
coreyspowell: A sweeping new paper (341 pages!) analyzes 426 nearby red dwarf stars. They seem to average at least 3 planets each, which translates to more than a trillion planets in the Milky Way, over 100 billion of them potentially habitable. https://t.co/xbpw9VhsWV https://t.co/HMuGIA5sVU
FedorYakovlev2: RT @david_kipping: Lots of fascinating material inside this giant paper this morning (https://t.co/xAiOC4kvAS) by @mustapipa. One thing I’m…
mustapipa: RT @david_kipping: Lots of fascinating material inside this giant paper this morning (https://t.co/xAiOC4kvAS) by @mustapipa. One thing I’m…
michael_w_busch: Tuomi et al. 2019 - "Frequency of planets orbiting M dwarfs in the Solar neighbourhood": https://t.co/aIEacLGvO2. Finds at least 3 planets for every nearby M dwarf star. That's a lot of planets.
JohnWal47517530: I RT'ed this in s.o. else's post, but it deserves its own. The authors calculate that red dwarfs have an average of ~2.4 planets per star. https://t.co/b3XiEywK8y
astronobiwan: RT @david_kipping: Lots of fascinating material inside this giant paper this morning (https://t.co/xAiOC4kvAS) by @mustapipa. One thing I’m…
cosmos4u: RT @david_kipping: Lots of fascinating material inside this giant paper this morning (https://t.co/xAiOC4kvAS) by @mustapipa. One thing I’m…
zuluagageorge: RT @david_kipping: Lots of fascinating material inside this giant paper this morning (https://t.co/xAiOC4kvAS) by @mustapipa. One thing I’m…
JohnWal47517530: RT @david_kipping: Lots of fascinating material inside this giant paper this morning (https://t.co/xAiOC4kvAS) by @mustapipa. One thing I’m…
exo_db3: RT @david_kipping: Lots of fascinating material inside this giant paper this morning (https://t.co/xAiOC4kvAS) by @mustapipa. One thing I’m…
ProfAbelMendez: RT @david_kipping: Lots of fascinating material inside this giant paper this morning (https://t.co/xAiOC4kvAS) by @mustapipa. One thing I’m…
TM_Eubanks: RT @david_kipping: Lots of fascinating material inside this giant paper this morning (https://t.co/xAiOC4kvAS) by @mustapipa. One thing I’m…
LeeBillings: RT @david_kipping: Lots of fascinating material inside this giant paper this morning (https://t.co/xAiOC4kvAS) by @mustapipa. One thing I’m…
RobinMentel: RT @david_kipping: Lots of fascinating material inside this giant paper this morning (https://t.co/xAiOC4kvAS) by @mustapipa. One thing I’m…
AstroBioProf: RT @david_kipping: Lots of fascinating material inside this giant paper this morning (https://t.co/xAiOC4kvAS) by @mustapipa. One thing I’m…
david_kipping: Lots of fascinating material inside this giant paper this morning (https://t.co/xAiOC4kvAS) by @mustapipa. One thing I’m struck by is that the planet occurrence rate plot for M-dwarfs resembles this moon size vs semi major axis plot by @ExoCytherean (https://t.co/veCzZShl5Z). https://t.co/PCcafZ0UCR
StarshipBuilder: Frequency of planets orbiting M dwarfs in the Solar neighbourhood https://t.co/Ykc0NJhCbk
Laintal: Frequency of planets orbiting M dwarfs in the Solar neighbourhood https://t.co/9xdU9z2urQ
ExoplanetJJ: We don't write papers no more, this is the 21st Century, we write tomes!! @mustapipa's Goliath Expedition to uncover the frequency of planets orbiting the smallest stars. Say hello to the new kids on the block, cool mini-Neptunes. https://t.co/1ScODn4xoU #NewWorldsLab
mustapipa: What is the frequency of planets orbiting M dwarfs in the Solar neighbourhood? Our newly submitted paper discusses the number of planets in and the properties of the local exoplanet population based on data from multiple radial velocity surveys. https://t.co/B0GVE9M0fS https://t.co/l2Cdz94Hhu